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| A view of the St. Helena AVA from Howell Mountain. |
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| Early morning on Howell Mountain. |
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| Two cellar workers remove must from a fermentation tank. |
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| Pumping fermenting juice over the skins gently extracts more flavor and color. |
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| After fermentation of a red wine, the remaining must is removed from the tank. |
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| A worker sorts through a bin of Cabernet Sauvignon, removing any leaves and not-ripe-enough clusters to leave only pristine fruit to hit the crusher. |
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| The first batch of Cabernet goes into the bin. |
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| The Atlas Peak AVA in Napa Valley. |
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| Lights on a tractor create a surreal scene as a vineyard worker harvests Chardonnay in the cool of the night. |
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| Freshly harvested Chardonnay glows at a night harvesting. |
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| Many Napa Valley wineries offer food and wine pairing sessions to visitors. |
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| Sunlight not only helps grapes grow, but helps turn it into wine, as more and more Napa Valley wineries go off the grid partially or completely with solar power. |
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| Beauty is in the details: a closeup of an oak wine barrel. |
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| Only 9% of Napa County is planted to grapes, although one wouldn't guess it from these orderly rows of vines in Oakville. |
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| A frost-covered winter morning in Napa Valley makes for a stunning view but is harmless to the dormant vines. |
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| A view of the Rutherford AVA within the Napa Valley AVA. |
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| A late-night harvest of Chardonnay. |
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| Night harvesting of Chardonnay in the Carneros region of Napa Valley |
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| Dawn greets an early-morning picking crew. |
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| Visitors enjoy the panorama and the wine at a Napa Valley winery. |
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| Swirl, sip and savor. |
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| Many vintners place owl boxes boxes in their vineyards to attract these natural pest control agents. |
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| Ugly grapes, beautiful wine. An example of grapes affected by Botrytis cinerea, also known as Noble Rot, which produces lusicous dessert wines. |
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| Shedding a little light on barrels of Napa Valley wine. |
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| Each vine is hand-tied and trellised. Winter cover crops protect vineyard soil against erosion from winter storms. |
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| Cabernet Sauvignon clusters developing. Tthe leaf canopy will be thinned to allow more sunlight for final ripening. |
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| One of two signs that greet guests as they arrive in Napa Valley. |
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| Early summer vineyards on the floor of Napa Valley near Rutherford, looking west to the Mayacamas. |
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| A view of the Oakville valley floor from above. |
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| The annual return of wild mustard flowers in winter helps stabilize the soil against erosion. |
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| A break in a rainstorm brings the colors of a winter vineyard to life. |
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| A crusher/stemmer awaiting the first batch of harvested Napa Valley grapes. |
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| Winter fog in a Napa Valley vineyard. |
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| Bottles of Napa Valley wine aging in the cellar. |
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| Aging under optmal conditions, library wines from Napa Valley resting in the cellar. |
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| Stainless steel fermentation tanks. |
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| Closeup of wine barrel stacks in the cellar. |
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| The view from above in a fermentation room. |
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| A closeup of a stainless steel fermentation tank. |
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| Rows of oak barrels of red wine aging in the cellar. |
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| Freshly crushed Malbec grapes yield an inky juice. |
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| The Yountville AVA of Napa Valley, with the foothills of the Mayamas mountain range in the background. |
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| A single leaf stands out from a sea of vines in late spring. |
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| The Atlas Peak AVA of Napa Valley, located high above the Valley floor. |
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| The rolling vineyards of the Carneros region of Napa Valley. |
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| A Valley floor vineyard, quintessential Napa Valley. |
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| A vine tendril, vital plant physiology for trellising. |
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| A grape cluster in full bloom before set. |
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| Grapes ready for flowering. |
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| Flowering grape clusters before set. |
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| Freshly "set" fruit early in the growing season. |
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| The first buds of spring. |
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| A recently pruned, trellised, dormant vine. |
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| Napa Valley ros・sparkling wine ready for a toast. |
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| A cluster, ripe for the picking as harvest nears. |
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| Ripe Napa Valley Chardonnay almost ready for picking. |
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| A cluster of Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon. |
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| Bud break and trellising of a vineyard in Napa Valley. |
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| Done almost entirely by hand, harvest in Napa Valley. |
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| A final cluster left behind at harvest gets into the holiday spirit. |
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| A view of the mid-Napa Valley floor from the foothills of the Vaca mountain range. |
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| Hillside vines in the Stags Leap District of Napa Valley. |
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| A mid-Napa Valley Valley vineyard scene, complete with water tower, near St. Helena. |
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| Orderly rows of dormant vines await spring. The trellis is an example quadralangle cordon, also known as double T. |
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| A Napa Valley vineyard blanketed with a winter cover crop of mustard. |
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| Winter rains bring out the brightly colored cover crops in dormant Napa Valley vineyards. |
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| Buried treasure: barrels of Napa Valley red wine aging in a cellar. |
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| A close-up of a vine infested with Pierce's Disease. |
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| Beautiful but unwelcome: a single vine infested with Pierce's Disease. |
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| A ripe cluster of Napa Valley's famous Chardonnay. |
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| Calistoga, which is pending approval from the TTB as the 15th sub-AVA in Napa Valley. |
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